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Current Archaeology Live! 2023 – featuring our discovery of Turret 3a

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In the summer of 2021 our Durham office was lucky enough to discover Hadrian’s Wall in urban Tyneside. Excitingly, we found Turret 3a, perhaps the largest yet discovered, and the northern defensive ditch and six berm obstacle pits. Scott Vance will present our findings at the forthcoming Current Archaeology Live! conference, which will be held at UCL Institute of Education in London on 25 February. 

Tickets are selling fast but are still available through the Current Archaeology website:

https://archaeology.co.uk/live

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Urban Tyneside sounds like the last place to uncover surviving elements of Hadrian’s Wall, however what it lacks in picturesque beauty, it more than makes up for in opportunities for archaeological investigations due to intensive modern development. This makes the extreme eastern sector of the wall one of the most dynamic and interesting sections along the whole frontier. Our investigation demonstrates that significant remains relating to the wall can and do survive within the more built-up areas of urban Tyneside. The discovery of Turret 3a also indicates that local factors were allowed to influence the positioning of structures along the wall. The exact positioning of milecastles and turrets within the Newcastle to Wallsend section has always been unclear, with the structures not appearing to follow the assumed spacing. Measurements suggest that Turret 3a should be some way to the south-west of its actual location, which is on a hill with a commanding view over the valley. Interestingly, this shows that strategic interests had outweighed the original spacing scheme during the construction of the wall.

Scott is currently writing an article about Turret 3a which will be published in Current Archaeology in due course; in the meantime you can read more about our discovery here:

https://www.pre-construct.com/news/turret-3a-hadrians-wall/
 

Ancient Greek Day at Waddington

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Alex Beeby was ‘one of the highlights’ at Waddington All Saints Academy Ancient Greek Day last week with a talk about archaeology.

His visit went so well one of the kids said it was the best day of his life! Well done Alex (although it looks as if you could have tried harder with your costume!).

Cambridge Antiquarian Society Spring Conference

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When: Saturday March 18th 2023

Where: Storey’s Field Centre, Eddington Avenue,
Cambridge, CB3 1AA

Cost: £10 at door (members, diggers, students)

£15 for non-members (all the more reason to join!)

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The forthcoming CAS conference will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Sir Cyril Fox’s The Archaeology of the Cambridge Region, covering themes and archaeology relevant to our day-to-day work in the region.

It will be a great opportunity for newer staff to catch up on the last 100 years and start thinking about the century to come!

Click here for further information and to download the programme of events

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Crystal Park, Bottisham: The Construction Materials of a Roman Villa Complex – A Cambridgeshire Case Study

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Congratulations to Kevin Hayward and Christiane Meckseper, whose article on a vast amount of Roman building material recovered from Crystal Park has been published in Britannia by Cambridge University Press.

During excavations in Bottisham, a known hot-spot for Roman settlement on the edge of the Cambridgeshire Fens, we identified many elements of a rural farmstead or villa complex dating from the early third- to early fourth-century. A policy to retain all of the 2.6 metric tonnes of building materials recovered from the site provided a rare opportunity for detailed investigation into the fabric, form, construction style and function of the various elements used in three masonry buildings and associated features.

Building 1 was a sunken, double-apsed structure, built using carefully selected courses of lydion brick and large blocks of Barnack stone. The apsidal shape is typical of a Roman bath-house and surviving opus signinum and opus spicatum floors, along with an archway for flues, attest to its intended use as a bath-house. However, the remains of this building were pristine with no sooting, and no box-flue tiles, pilae or decorative elements were found. The evidence points to the structure being an unfinished bath-house.

Building 2 consisted of a rectangular room and part of an external curved wall. It contained a concentration of yellow and orange roofing tile treated with red slip, which may have been an aesthetic choice in keeping with the red roofs of the other buildings, suggesting that Building 2 was a later addition. The Barnack stone in this building was fragmentary unlike the large blocks in Building 1, suggesting it was robbed stone reused as rubble. Limited quantities of brick were recovered so this building was probably a timber-framed structure on stone footings. The querns and millstone grit all came from Building 2’s demolition layer suggesting this was an ancillary building – a mill, barn or possible domestic building.

Building 3 was a rectangular building, the largest of the three with four rooms. Evidence for an extensive box-flue tile heating system was found and thick mortar attached to one side of the tiles only, and sometimes as vent infill, would have insulated the circulated hot air for use as either a sweat room, laconicum, or the heated opulent caldarium of a bath-house. There is a notable lack of sooting on the tubuli from Building 3, but this could be the result of the distance of the box-flue from the heat source rather than a sign of complete non-use.  Building 3 may be a wing of a larger building extending beyond the limit of excavation.

Welcome to new Project Officer Stephen Baker!

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Originally from York, since 2003 Stephen has been employed by the University of Leicester Archaeological Services (ULAS) on numerous multi-period urban and rural excavations, developing a solid fieldwork and post-excavation speciality in complex multi-period deeply stratified urban excavations in the city of Leicester, and directing urban sites exclusively for the last 10 or so years.

Stephen says:

My five and a half year long ‘swan song’ at ULAS was as fieldwork and post-excavation analysis director through to completion of a massive Roman and medieval excavation. Over the years I have also been fortunate to have worked extensively in the North African Sahara (Libya and Morocco) and in Cyprus (Operation Nightingale) and the Adriatic coast of Italy, in most recent years as the H&S Lead Archaeologist in the multi-disciplinary project EAMENA (Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa). I also set up and ran a small football charity in Zambia for some years.  With an awareness that there is always much to learn and plenty of room for improvement in what we do, I am excited about the challenging new chapter in my career working with PCA and look forward to offering something to, and learning from, everybody here. Please introduce yourself, if you haven’t.

The Rank Hovis Premier Mill, Silvertown

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The Rank Hovis Premier Mill is an important survivor of the now almost vanished industrial history of the London Docklands. Described by the Evening Standard as a ‘decaying industrial anachronism standing defiant and alone in the surrounding subtopia’ the complex has become an icon of post-industrial Britain, and has a long and varied past. It was partially destroyed in 1917 by the devastating explosion at the nearby Brunner Mond’s munitions factory, which was manufacturing TNT for WW1. More recently, the mill has appeared in music videos by the Arctic Monkeys and Coldplay.

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These images show the Royal Victoria Dock in 1937 alongside a Google Earth image of the same (yet dramatically different!) view today, with the remains of the Rank Hovis Premier Mill marked in red. The mill was established by Joseph Rank in 1904 and remained operational until its closure in the mid 1980s.

Do you have stories about the Rank Hovis Premier Mill? Maybe you worked there or lived nearby, or know someone who did? Please spread the word and get in touch if you can tell us anything about this iconic building.

‘By the Medway Marsh’ review

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Thanks to Professor Neil Christie for this great review published in Medieval Archaeology Volume 66.2 (Dec 2022).

By the Medway Marsh by James Gerrard and Guy Seddon is available to purchase here

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A few kilometres north of Watling Street and close to the Roman town of Rochester in N Kent, excavations by Pre-Construct Archaeology at Grange Farm identified intriguing Romano-British activity, adding to older reported finds in the zone (including an early 5th-century coin hoard): earlier/mid-imperial earthen agricultural enclosures giving way in the 4th century to (cob-)walled enclosures, plus roadway, aisled hall, smithy and, peculiarly, a mausoleum. The latter (of cruciform shape over a squared base of c 6.5 x 6.3 m) held still a lead coffin (pp 65–70) containing an elderly female (landowner/patron?), while fragmentary materials pointed to other (lost) burials here. Potentially the mausoleum and coffin saw (new/renewed?) veneration after farming and industrial activity here ceased: a late 5th-century gilded silver Nydam-style brooch is suggested as a votive offering (pp 70–2), as perhaps were two 5th-/6th-century spearheads (72–3); while apparent demolition of the enclosure walls was perhaps to make the mausoleum more visible around. While one Anglo-Saxon sherd came from the redeposited late-Roman midden spread covering the demolition deposits, no settlement (or burial) activity for the 6th to 11th century occurs. The last remnants of the mausoleum appear robbed out in the 12th century for reuse in a nearby manorial complex (not investigated in the 2003–06 excavated, but related ditches, pits and a well were revealed). An unstratified openwork copper-alloy cross-staff terminal, meanwhile, suggests a chapel hereabouts when Bishop Odo, brother of King William I, held Grange Farm (pp 74–5). Noteworthy was the strong recovery of coins and metalwork finds – including badges, tools, dress-fittings – of Roman to early-modern date (mostly unstratified) thanks to onsite metal-detecting. A nicely produced and well-illustrated monograph, this publication benefits from its detailed, balanced end-discussion (Chapter 4) which integrates all finds types analysed in the specialist reports in Chapter 3 (including pollen from the coffin and evidence for a tawny owl roosting in the mausoleum ruins).

— NEIL CHRISTIE (University of Leicester)

Holocene Climate Change and Human Impact

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Our Head of Environment Jane Wheeler is the first to publish an article this year, with a paper for the open-access journal Quaternary MDPI, co-written by Katherine A. Selby and Sally Derrett from the Universities of York and Sheffield respectively.

The dramatically shifting climate of the early- to mid-Holocene period coincided with population expansion in northwest Europe. In ‘Disentangling Holocene Climate Change and Human Impact from Palaeoenvironmental Records from the Scottish West Coast’ the authors present fascinating new environmental evidence to determine the extent to which the changing landscape of Mesolithic populations in western Scotland was climate-driven, rather than a result of changing human land-use.

Click here to read the full article

‘Form the Future’ careers event

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Last week Sian (Finds, Environmental and Archiving Manager at PCA Cambridge) took part in a ‘Careers Carousel’ event at Swavesey Village College, with a presentation to five classes of Year 9s about archaeology as a career.

‘Form the Future’ is a community interest company set up to help young people discover exciting opportunities for the future. Sian told the students about her background, qualifications, progression, skills and why GCSEs are important!

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